Luke 1: John the Baptist

Posted on March 20, 2025

In the first chapter of Luke, we learn about the birth of Jesus and His cousin John the Baptist. Before we dive into the birth of Jesus, let’s talk about who John the Baptist was and what he did to prepare the way for Jesus. John came from a very distinct family. In fact, we read that both of John’s parents were righteous before God, following all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord without fault (Luke 1:6). What does this mean? These are the same words used to describe Abraham’s relationship with God. Abraham trusted God, had faith in His word, and followed after God in obedience. In fact, this is what God instructed Abraham: “I am Almighty God; walk before Me and be blameless” (Genesis 17:1). Like Abraham, Zacharias and Elizabeth were also righteous and blameless. They were faithful to God and obedient in everything He asked of them. As we’ll soon see, John will also follow in the example of his parents. 

John’s father is soon visited by an angel who informs him that God has heard his prayers and that his barren wife will now bear a child. Here is what the angel tells us about John.

Luke 1:15

“For he will be great in the sight of the Lord, and shall drink neither wine nor strong drink. He will also be filled with the Holy Spirit, even from his mother’s womb.”

Almost immediately, we discover that John is no ordinary child. He is destined to be great in the sight of the Lord, and because he will be great, God equips him with the Holy Spirit. His task will be monumental, and his entire life—from start to finish—will be dedicated to preparing the way for Messiah. Luke continues, giving us further insight into his future:

Luke 1:16-17

“And he will turn many of the children of Israel to the Lord their God. He will also go before Him in the Spirit and power of Elijah, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just, to make ready a people ready for the Lord.’

There is a lot of description and context packed into this seemingly simple verse. When we read this passage, it ought to prompt a variety of questions, some of which we can discuss at a different time, but they are still worth considering.

What does this mean to turn many of the children of Israel to the Lord their God?

What does it mean when it says that he will turn the hearts of the fathers to the children?

What does it mean to turn the disobedient to the wisdom of the just?

What does it mean to make ready a people prepared for the Lord?

There was a lot John was being called to do, and there is so much meaning packed into this verse. For our purposes, it’s important to know that his role was to prepare the people’s hearts for the coming Messiah. At this point in time, the people of Israel had become spiritually alienated from God. In fact, for many years, God continued to warn the people, through the prophets, that they would turn from and go after other gods, and over time they would become estranged from their God. The prophet Isaiah, whom Jesus references many times in His lessons, also foretells this about God’s people:

Isaiah 1:2-4

“Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth! For the Lord has spoken: I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against Me; The ox knows its owner and the donkey its masters’ crib; but Israel does not know, and My people do not consider… They have forsaken the Lord, they have provoked to anger the Holy One of Israel, They have turned away backward.”

God has been with His people from the beginning; He nourished them and guided them as children when He brought them up out of Egypt, yet despite all that He has done, they have rebelled against Him. Isaiah contrasts them with animals, saying that even the animals are familiar with their masters and know their home, but not God’s people. They do not know Him, nor do they even consider Him. Since the days of Abraham, God has sought to be with them, to be their God, to bless and multiply them, and so forth. They have not always shared the same desire. Instead, they have turned away backward. It doesn’t stop there, because their rebellion has deeply affected their spiritual well-being. Again, Isaiah tells us of their condition:

Isaiah 1:5-6

“The whole head is sick, and the whole heart faints. From the sole of the foot even to the head, there is no soundness in it, but wounds and bruises and putrefying sores; they have not been closed or bound up, or soothed with ointment.”

This is pretty descriptive of how spiritually sick God’s people had become, and this was a significant amount of time before Christ even came. It continued to get worse as the years passed. From head to toe, the entire nation was filled with sin, corruption, and sickness. Spiritually, they were like a man covered in sores, bruises, open wounds, and with no relief. This was the state of the people when the birth of John the Baptist was announced, and this was the diagnosis when Jesus came into this world, and this is why John the Baptist’s mission was to turn the children of Israel back to God and to make ready a people ready for the Lord. Jesus’ arrival meant healing, restoration, and life, but before the children of Israel could experience any of these things, it was necessary that they first recognize the condition they were in and why they were in that condition. John was being sent to help the people understand and see how much they had turned from God and His law. They were dying in their sins, and the first step for them, as well as us, is to recognize one’s sinfulness and turn in repentance. 

At this point, it is worth noting that Luke tells us that one of John’s purposes was to “turn the hearts of the fathers to the children” (1:17). This is a significant passage, and it is important that we understand its origin because it will further help us understand John’s mission. Here, Luke is actually quoting from the book of Malachi, the last book of the Old Testament. Let us read the verse in its full context:

Malachi 4:4

“Remember the Law of Moses, My servant, which I commanded him in Horeb for all Israel.”

First, the prophet reminds the people to remember the Law of Moses, which was given on Mount Sinai. One of John’s first tasks would be to get people to do this: remember the Law of Moses. Why? If John were to call to people to repent, it’s impossible to do so without the Law of Moses. The very definition of sin is breaking the Law God gave to Moses (1 John 3:4). We cannot repent of sin if we do not know what sin we have committed. The first step to repentance is understanding that we have rebelled against God by breaking His commandments. This is the message John came to preach. Forgiveness was on the horizon, but the people needed to first acknowledge and come to terms with their sin and their condition. Next, we read God say following through the prophet Malachi:

Malachi 4:5-6

“Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the Lord. And he will turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the hearts of the children to their fathers, lest I come and strike the earth with a curse.”

Who is Elijah the prophet and how is he connected to John? Elijah was remembered throughout history as the prophet who turned Israel back to God. His story, which is worth reading, is found in 1 Kings 17. Elijah was an incredible prophet, and John was said to be the one who would go before Jesus in the spirit of Elijah (Luke 1:17). This means that John would come with the same purpose and message as Elijah: to call Israel back to God. What does this look like? Both Malachi and Luke tell us that John’s purpose would be to turn the hearts of the fathers back to the children and the hearts of the children back to the fathers. This probably has a variety of meanings, but essentially John’s calling was to reconnect the hearts of the people with the hearts of the fathers: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.  The call to repentance was not just for forgiveness of sins, but it was a call for the people to remember and return to the faith, the righteousness, the covenant, and the relationship that God established with the fathers. God made His covenant (promises) with the fathers, and He promised Abraham that “I will establish My covenant between Me and your descendants after you in their generations, for an everlasting covenant” (Genesis 17:7). Sin had not only separated the people from God, but it had separated them from their past, separated them from those whom God had chosen to be both the forerunners and examples of our relationship with God.

So what does all of this mean? God doesn’t just desire a people who repent of their sins, accept forgiveness, and then move on with their lives. He has come to redeem His people in order to fulfill the promises He delivered to the fathers—our fathers—long ago. He has come to turn our hearts back to the faith and the righteousness of the fathers. In order for this to happen—before we can truly receive the healing of Christ—we must heed the message of John: “Remember the Law of Moses which I commanded him in Horeb for ALL Israel, with the statutes and judgments.” In other words, repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.